The Things They Carried Essay Example for Free

The Things They Carried Essay1. open ups love for Martha is in a in truth real and literal sense in his mind. This love was constructed in part from a brief fulfill they had in the past and established and elaborated on, by his loneliness and battle fatigue brought on by the war. I believe he has constructed this relationship with her because of this. Its not entirely clear in the apologue if his love is genuine or merely a catalyst or distraction to transport him international from the world he now lives in, where there is no love or morality only death, pain, and destruction. 2. Jimmy seems to mostly think of Martha when he is feeling alone, when things have become still, or the war has become withal much and he has to escape. This is why when his platoon member is in the tunnel, he thinks of her because he knows the place he is in and the danger he could face. It totally becomes too much and Jimmy needs to escape for a time.3. Ted lilac-coloreds death could be described as a result of carelessness. Maybe in the score he is described of being fearful to the point he was self medicating to numb himself to the reality that contact him. On the other turn over later in the story the author eliminated the position of in time of war men pull up stakes sometimes do anything escape, maybe in some value Ted was inviting death as means of relief.4. I believe Jimmy uses this excuse to justify actions and behavior of run-of-the-mine men and sometimes even boys place an extraordinary and incredibly stressful situations. It excuses him because he falls into the same category of everyone else in the same situation. There are times when men careless(predicate) of differences buttocks come together because they all understand a common thread. On the other hand Jimmys ranking of Lieutenant places him in a position of leadership and the tie that holds and protects the lives of other and must disassociate himself from excuses to do this.5. The soldiers make jokes about the war to minimalize what is happening. If you can laugh about something it cannot be that bad. It is also a form of comradely and escapes.6. The author uses and develops the idea and descriptions of weights in this story to convey to the proofreader the burden both literal and psychological the soldiers had to endure. Because the author goes into such great detail illustrating to the reader you can almost feel it upon yourself.7. Jimmy sacrifices his heart at first for one sided love then his vocation as a leader and protector of his men. I think he does this because he is human and looking for the same thing everyone else is, a sense of home and normalcy.8. Jimmy changes in the end of the story by letting go of something that had been weighting him down, pretends to see the love of someone who did not live him back, and has accepted the fact of this situation. It seems he has lost his escape in loving Martha but has gained a sense of closure and will probably help him save his sanity and allow him to be a better soldier and leader.9. I think the war will seem more real to jimmy now because he is only immersed in it. He no longer has that place he can go to, to escape. Thinking of Martha and grateful things and times surrounding her allowed him to be saved from the everyday stresses tragedies, dehumanizations, and hell of the world of war all around him.

Reflection paper Essay Example for Free

Reflection paper EssayMabuhay ang Pilipinas , after watching Jose Rizal the Movie, these are the linguistic communication that wanted to find its way out into my mouth. Words that wanted to travel beyond distance and beyond boundaries that would defy ages to finally find a resonating voice that sent earthquake to the stoned trading floor of the holy temple of God that sheltered fiends who clothed themselves in w finish upe and who spoke His words with eloquence but undoubtedly knew nonhing of His language. I could not say it better, as a realization hit me, but I admire my Motherland. I could not help but think how did she, after everything that was make to her, possess found it in her heart to forgive? The film did not only depict the heart of Jose Rizal during the gripping of the Spaniards iron hands but also the Filipinos during those darkest times before the crack of dawn. The movie did not also just settled for only Rizal and the Filipino people during the Spanish co lonization, but it made a sort of movie adaptation of the two notable masterpieces of Rizal the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo.The movie itself was faithful to accuracy that you could tally what it wants people to chink and that is to converge. The movie suggested us to see what had really happened to our motherland. It is to see what she had been through and through to keep her rest in her place in the map of the world. It is to see how many times our kingdom had lost her identity, her dignity, her freedom, her voice, her rights, and her depict. It is to see how many lives she had to remorsefully sacrifice just to keep standing. Watching the movie, I saw her. She took all torture and suffering and given up almost everything she has because she loves her children.She love the Filipinos that she kept standing and resisted the embrace of the god of the sea for us to have our feet on earth to land on. Realizing all she had borne made me proud to be mould from the ea rth of the Land of the Morning. Jose Rizal the Movie made it crystal cleared to everyone who would watch it how the Filipino people love our country that they had given up their lives to free her from her iron cage. The movie showed that during the time of Rizal, Filipinos had started stirring from their seemed to be invariably slumbering, although the Spaniards oppression continued to darken the skies.During those times, as portrayed, there was social unrest that resulted revolts. Most prominent movements were initiated by the Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio. A lot of native eyes had started to see the real faces inside the holy veil worn by the Spaniards that led them to the realization of their own scraped image. Spaniards had continued to use religion, specifically the teachings of the Catholic Church and the words of God to frightened majority of the Filipinos to conform and manipulate them. The film portrayed the Spaniards curse of power and authority over the Filipinos. Friars shrouded their corruption in the cloak of church contributions and tributes. They collected high enforce taxes from the farmers who till their own soil. They acquired lands by authority and force. Worst of it, Spaniards did not content themselves in getting keep on of our country but also our dignity. Filipinos had been treated unfairly. The Spaniards made sure that we had no equal human rights, no parity before the law, no seat for the government, no mercy from the church, and no place for morality. Filipinos became slaves.Our native women were victimized. thither was racial discrimination. Only elites were granted to have a formal education and even in school, Filipinos were slandered, mocked and belittled. notwithstanding the legal expert system was in favor of the State. Filipinos who have committed crime in the eyes of their justice were subjected to persecution and death. Spaniards would then scheme any person who go against their regime that would include the conspi racy they had done to Rizal as he was sentenced by prejudiced to death before his trial was even performed.They stripped our nations identity and clothed us in ballooned dresses to conform but even so denied our right-I believe-to baptize our country a name. Those lowest times, people who had finally perceived the truth tried to raise their voices but in general failed to do so because there was no firmed foundation. Their flares were not enough. When Rizal gave light, flickers were rekindled to a raging fire. Jose Rizal became their source of strength though he did not purposely want to ignite insurgency. Though his writings were double edged sword, he wanted to address his appeal for freedom and equality in a diplomatic manner.Unfortunately, it did not go as planned because not only the Spaniards wanted to bind him for the trouble he had cause to the name of the Spanish government. I really liked the portrayal of those people close to Rizal after he was catch and had fallen on t he ground none of them even shed a tear. They held their ground, Rizal was not a rat. They were the ones who held his feel when he was deprived to die with dignity. He doesnt deserve a cry of sympathy because he had done nothing but to love and to be faithful to his country. Because he was not married to a woman he was married to our country, faithfully.Watching that scene, I felt dignified. He was not a traitor and so were those lives that fought to free our country. They were Filipinos who desired to regain our freedom and identity from the Spaniards. As the movie concluded, I recognise I have never been so proud of my country, and never did I really give neat acknowledgement to the many lives that, especially those nameless faces that did not have the line up to have a billet in paper. Give credit to who is due, as the saying goes. All of us, we walk in disparate paths of life.We see strangers every day but I never really consider looking at their faces in a different way. After watching the film, I learned to see the faces of past through the faces of the present. We are all droping fragments of souls of the people of the past. How we are giving shape to those fragments of souls is the real challenge in us. I have learned from watching the film how embarrassing we have become to cater these fragments in us because we failed and ignored to recognize them and the way we savor the liberty they struggled to regain but tragically did not had the receive to hold.These souls had once fought for freedom. We have to see them in us to fix how we abused our freedom. I still see our motherland in her situation back then because we failed to get the lessons from our past. How many more times does she have to be in same situation she thought she had been freed from? One lesson I clearly got from the movie, we have to carry the past in us like it is our own experience for us to never want to be in that situation again. We should never forget our own history and the importance of it, for the sake of those souls who only had the chance to experience true freedom in us.

An Analysis on Alfred Hitchcock and His Film Psycho Essay Example for Free

An Analysis on Alfred Hitchcock and His Film Psycho EssayIn the cascade send packingdidate in Alfred Hitchcocks movie, the amount of blood that flowed poop be considered in contemporary times as nothing short of artistry or a sense of tastefulness in the viewers understanding. However, during the 1960s, the shower shooting is considered unreasonable or gratuitous, giving the scene the impression that it depicts too much unsolicited violence.For those who look upon the shower scene as peerless of Hitchcocks attempt of revolutionizing fritter aways, the scene can be treated as one that reflects the perception of the time in which the pip was conceived. Apparently, the shower scene amongst the number of hair-raising scenes in the film further reflects the 1960s mixer upheaval that grew in the west, including the United States. Another violent scene in the movie is the one that showed Detective Milton Arbogast being slashed to a bloody death by and by he was pushed off fro m the height of the stairs.The murder of the private detective in the movie Psycho, as vigorous as the shower scene, can be taken to mean as two of the social upheavals that burst in the 1960s American society, revolutionizing the guidance in which movie scenes are crafted especi anyy the way in which they portray violence, sexuality, and language. Hitchcock generally worked and directed movies that fall under the thriller genre by imprinting upon conventional movies his famed idiosyncratic touches. The demeanor in which Hitchcock worked as a crucial part of the filmmaking process mostly contributed in propelling him to the status of an auteur.Hitchcock even ordered and manipulated the shade of blonde he was looking for in Grace Kellys hair in one of the films (Martin Wikstrom, 2001, p. 20). What enabled Hitchcock to cut in the camera is his attitude of working show up the details of the film in advance, which eventually corresponds to the unswervingly stumpy ratio of film re ally employ in the finishing cut to the film shot during the entire shoot. Having worked out e precisething in advance, he worked readily and economically. A minimal set of editing was the result of his working attitude, hence the term cutting in the camera. The fact that Hitchcock planned every detail in advance oftentimes led to bore him during the existing shooting of the film. To fend off languor in the course of the actual filming progression, he would customarily commence labor on the storyboards for his coming film project (Martin Wikstrom, 2001, p. 21). When all the interesting film-makersthose who were referred to as auteurs by the Cahiers du Cinema in 1955, before the term was distortedconcealed themselves behind various characters in their movies.Alfred Hitchcock achieved a real tour de force that established his status further as an auteur (Ray, 2001, p. 38). Hitchcocks most familiar films include Vertigo, Psycho, Rear Window, and The Birds which reflected his story telling methods and skills which were renowned for their witty plots, intelligent dialogues and the fusion of mystery and murder. With this respect, Hitchcocks name became comm sole(prenominal) attributed to the thriller genre as he created revolutions in that aspect of filmmaking.Part of the reason to this, unconnected from the fact that it was the genre he centrally focused on, is his skill which he exhibits during the course of the film which can be observed in his treatment of the subject in line with the shots he utilizes and on how he is able to fuse them altogether (Truffaut Scott, 2003, p. 346). One illustration to this is shown in one of his famed screen moments. The fright shower scene in the film Psycho featured 70 unique shots in precisely a matter of 1 minute.The numbers of shots were combined altogether in such a manner that one will find a difficult time seeking the distinction between the montage and the mise-en-scene (Nickens, 1995, p. 110). A considerable numb er of movies made by Hitchcock contained fleeting cameo appearances by the film director himself such as a Hitchcock being seen for a brief period boarding a bus, standing in an flat tire across the length of a courtyard, appearing in photographs in the scenes, or by simply crossing over in front of an edifice.This seemingly playful act eventually became labeled as one of the Hitchcock signatures in films. Further, Hitchcock himself would carry a musical instrument in one of the scenes in the film as a recurring theme (Martin Wikstrom, 2001, p. 23). The fact that these varied elements are included in the movies of Hitchcock signifies the fact that Hitchcock had a very huge role in the filmmaking process and that this monumental role extends his personality right into the theme of the movie.Since film producers have a significant trust on Hitchcock, he was able to freely include these elements any in a subtle or in an obvious manner. The constant inclusion of these personal elem ents in the many movies of Hitchcock eventually molded an image uniquely his own. Hence, it became inevitable that the movies highlighting these elements were immediately attributed to Hitchcock thereby creating the director-image of Hitchcock as an auteur (Sarris, 2002, p. 29).Considering all of the characteristics of Hitchcock, his crucial role in the movies he created, the inclusion of the elements in the movies which reflect his personality and life-style as well as the role of the scholars in carefully assessing his impact of his personal touches in the movies, it can be said that Hitchcock indeed is an auteur in the strictest sense of the word. Although arguments can be raised against the role of the director as an auteur in the filming of the movies, it remains a fact that Hitchcock had an immense weight of participation former to, during , and even after the filmmaking process.Part of the arguments against it is the claim that several other factors must also be considered and the chastity should not solely belong to the director. As with the case of the seemingly lesser roles in the movies, the collective efforts of all the participants excluding the participation of the director when combined altogether essentially posits a substantial bearing in the mental hospital of the film. In conclusion, the factors which are attributed to the delegation of the status of an auteur to Hitchcock should not be looked upon as a means to rationalize the relative importance of the role of the rest of the crew involved in film production.Rather, the role of Hitchcock as an auteur should be noted as a form of a proper authority in channelise the direction of the film. On the other hand, the distinction between an auteur and the other roles in the film production should be taken as an informal relationship which defines the structure of the outcome of the movie. This is the point where Hitchcock himself leads the way not only as a director but also as the auteur. N ot surprisingly, Alfred Hitchcock techniques are indeed modernistic during his life where a considerable number of his films manifested his ingenuity in the film industry.Especially in his film Psycho, Hitchcocks style in directing the film is manifested through his fitting use of musical gain and backgrounds in the proper timing and scene. His approach in Psycho manifest the fact that Hitchcock is only one of the few who was able to reshape the film industry and contribute significantly to its quality and style.ReferencesMartin, G. , Wikstrom, P. (2001). Alfred Hitchcock and the Golden geezerhood of Radio. In The Alfred Hitchcock Presents Companion (1st ed. , pp. 20-23) O T R Pub. Nickens, C. (1995).Psycho Behind the Scenes of the Classic Thriller (1st ed. ) Harmony. Ray, R. B. (2001). The Bordwell Regime and the Stakes of Knowledge. In How a Film opening Got Lost and Other Mysteries in Cultural Studies (pp. 38-39). Indiana Indiana University Press. Sarris, A. (2002). The Aute ur Theory Revisited. In V. W. Wexman (Ed. ), Film and Authorship (pp. 27-29). raw(a) Jersey Rutgers University Press. Truffaut, F. , Scott, H. Hitchcocks Final Years. In 2003 (Ed. ), The Definitive Study of Alfred Hitchcock (Revised ed. , pp. 346). New York Gallimard.

Environmental Engineering Essay Example for Free

Environmental Engineering EssayIt involveswaste piss system precautionand duck soup taintcontrol, recycling,waste disposal, radiation syndrome protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, andpublic healthissues as good as a knowledge ofenvironmental engineering law. It is a related study of environmental acquaintance. important task of environmental engineers is to protect public health by protecting (from further debasement), preserving (the acquaint break of), and enhancing the environment.Some work of Environmental engineers Conducts hazardous-waste managementstudies to evaluate the signifi brookce of such hazards, advise on preaching and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Design municipal water supply andindustrial wastewater tr swallowmentsystems. place environmental issues such as the effects ofacid pelting,global warming,ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution fromautomobile exhaustsandindustrial sources.Environ mental scienceis an interdisciplinaryacademic fieldthat integrates physical and biological sciences, (including only not limited to environmental science,Physics,Chemistry,Biology,Soil Science,Geology,Atmospheric ScienceandGeography) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinaryapproach to the study of environmental systems. Environmental science came alive as a substantive, officious field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by the ff. ssues (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems. (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation. (c) the ripening public awargonness of a need for action in totalressing environmental problems.Related areas of study environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human rel ationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. 2. environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for up(a) environmental quality. Components of Environmental Science Ecologyis the study of the interactions amidst organisms and their environment. Ecologists might investigate the relationship between a population of organisms and most physical characteristic of their environment, such as concentration of a chemic or they might investigate the interaction between a two populations of different organisms through some symbiotic or competitive relationship.For example, an interdisciplinary analysis of an ecological system which is being impacted by one or more stressors might embarrass several related environmental science fields. In an estuarine setting where a proposed industrial development could impact certain species bywaterandair pollution,biologistswould describe the flora and fauna,chemistswould analyze the transport of water pollutants to the marsh ,physicistswould calculateair pollutionemissions andgeologistswould assist in understanding the marsh basiss and bay muds. . Atmospheric sciencesfocuses on the Earths atmosphere, with an emphasis upon its interrelation to early(a) systems. Atmospheric sciences can include studies ofmeteorology, third estatehouse gasphenomena,atmospheric dispersion modelingof airborne contaminants,34sound propagation phenomena related to racket pollution, and even strike pollution.Taking the example of theglobal warmingphenomena, physicists createcomputer modelsof atmospheric circulation and infra-red radiation transmission, chemists examine the inventory of atmospheric chemics and their reactions, biologists analyze the plant and animal contributions tocarbon dioxidefluxes, and specialists such asmeteorologistsandoceanographers add additional breadth in understanding the atmospheric dynamics. 3. Environmental chemistryis the study of chemical alterations in the environment.Principal areas of stud y includesoil befoulmentandwater pollution. The topics of analysis include chemical degradation in the environment, multi-phase transport of chemicals (for example, evaporation of asolventcontaining lake to yield solvent as an air pollutant), and chemical effects upon biota. As an example study, consider the case of a leakingsolventtank which has entered the habitat soil of anendangered speciesof amphibian.As a method to resolve or understand the extent ofsoil contaminationand subsurface transport of solvent, a computer model would be implemented. Chemists would then characterize the molecular stick of the solvent to the specific soil type, and biologists would study the impacts upon soilarthropods, plants, and ultimately pond-dwelling organisms that are the nutriment of the endangered amphibian. 4. Geosciencesincludeenvironmental geology,environmental soil science, volcanic phenomena and evolution of the Earths crust.In some classification systems this can likewise includehydr ology, includingoceanography. As an example study of soilserosion, calculations would be made ofsurface runoffby soil scientists. fluvial geomorphologists would assist in examiningsediment transportin overland flow. Physicists would contribute by assessing the changes in light transmission in the receiving waters. Biologists would analyze subsequent impacts to aquatic flora and fauna from increases in water turbidity. Ecology study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. starts as early as 300 BC with the Greek named Theophastus, his interest with the interrelatedness between organism and the live environment, live on his as the Father of Botany. Environment refers to the sum of all the outside(a) forces and conditions acting on an organism or community of organism. oekologie was coined by the german zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, comes from the greek word oikos, mean home or a place to live in. defines as the relationship of animals both to the organic as well as the inorganic environment, in the mid-1900s two group of botanist, one from the Europe and America, become interested in the study of plants communities, the Europeans concentrated on the composition, structure and distribution of plant communities, on the other(a) hand the Americans concentrate to the development of plant, eventually they become interested at the animals as well, and gave a great emphasis on inter-relationship of animals and plants.This become the birth of ecology as the formal field of study. British economist, doubting Thomas Malthus, gave special attention to population in the early 19th century, his the first one o recognized the conflict between expanding population and earths capability to supply it. scope of ecology, organism (eg. Proto-plasma, cell, tissue, organ, organ system), population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. Organism Levels of cheek of life (inside the organism) Protoplasma it makes up the accompaniment substance of the cell .Cell basic unit of life Tissue-group of cell performing specific functions Organ- group of tissue carrying a peculiar(a) functions Organ system group of organ doing s specific function. Levels of organization of life (inside the organism) Population group of organism of the same kind or species occupying a particular place at a particular time. Community a group of populations occupying a give area. Ecosystem basic unit of ecology, refers to the interaction between the organism and environment. It includes population, communities, habitat (the place where the organism lives) and the environment. eg. forest, grassland, river, etc. ) Biosphere domain of a function of life. It is the portion of the earth where in life on its any form existed. Components of ecosystem Biotic they are the living components of ecosystem consisting of plants, animals and bacteria. Abiotic they are the non living component that consist of substratum, light, rainfall, nutrients, soil, temperature, etc. Biotic Components Green plants known as the producers. They take prisoner the zero coming from the sun and together with the CO2 in the air and H2O converts this into food energy.They are called autotrophs (self nourishing), they manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis. There are also microscopic green plant called phytoplanktons, they give the green color to the bodies of water such as lake and rivers Animals Known as the consumers. discover other food sources to other plants and animals they are called heterotrophs. Three types of consumers Herbivores that eat plants only Carnivores animals that eat other animals. Omnivores- eat both plants and animals.Bacteria and Fungi They are called decomposers. They eat the dead bodies of plants and animals, where they get their energy and convert it to other nutrients back into the environment. They are popular called the janitor of the nature. Abiotic Components Soil the upper layer of the earths crust unnatural by plants and animals serves as the habitat and pool of nutrients for many organism. Humus dark decaying organic substance free-base in the soil. Physical characteristic of soil Color The color of the soils is make up ones mind by the element mystify in the soil.Soil color and element presesent Grey (lacks of iron) Brown red (rich in iron) Texture the texture of the soil affects the amount of water and nutrients the soil can hold. Texture of the soil Sandy (composed of coarse particles) corpse (consist of fine particles) Silt (composed of medium size particles. ) Loamy (mixture of clay, sand and silt) Moisture Water content of the soil. It is influence by factors such as Texture Amount of rainfall Slope of the land Underlying shake type. pH The concentration of hydrogen ions on the soil.The soil which contain a large amount of lime is alkaline and with large amount of granite id acidic. pH value raging from 1-6 is acidic and 8-14 are basic magic spell those with 7 reading is neutral type of soil. Structure Refers to the arrangement of its particle which build up larger amount of soil structure is called peds. The peds damage will result to the poor drainage of water to the soil. 2. Water Importance of water in ecosystem It comprise of a large percentage of the tissues of all living organism. Required by plants to support their non woody tissues.Used by the plants as a vessel of nutrients from the soil. It is abstracted by the plant and release in the environment which produces the cooling effect. Plant adaptation to water (Based on the tolerance of plant to water. ) * Hydropytes (Plants that train in water and waterlogged soils) * Halophytes (Plants that grow in saline environment. ) * Xerophytes (Plants that grow in dry or arid condition. 3. Temperature Affects the plant and cooled blooded animals by controlling their metabolism. Affect the water loss of the organism.Most organism function at temperature between 0 pointedness to 50 de gree centigrade.. 4. Wind An agent of pollination and seed dispersal. It also affects transpiration in the plants by causing faster evaporation with in their surroundings. Pathways of energy Energy It is needed by the organism for growth, maintenance and repair and for life. Organism come their energy by two ways Autotrophy (producing their own food) Heterotrophy (eating other organism) Food Chain Consist of the era of organism that eat other organism through which energy is transferred. Every food chain starts a producer and end with decomposers.Trophic levels of food chain First trophic ( producers) Second trophic (herbivores called radical consumers) Third trophic (carnivore that eat hervobores) 4th trophic (carnivores that eat carnivores) In food chain the energy transferred from one trophic level to another is decreasing. Food web Consist of several interlocking food chain. It is a transfer of energy involving several pathways. Nutrients cycle Classification of Nutrients Mac ronutrients those that are required by organism by large quantities. Ex. Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen Micronutrient are needed by the organism by smaller amounts.Ex. Sulfur, potassium, iron, and phosphorus. Water Cycles Evaporation (from bodies of water) Respiration ( from animals) Transpiration (from the trees) Condensation (accumulation of all the vapors, transpiration and respiration) Precipitation (for rain) Runoff (water run from the higher grounds) deoxycytidine monophosphate and Oxygen cycle Carbon is mostly present in the environment by cabon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is present at It could be found at dead organism. Volcano eruption. Respiration of animals. Oxygen is abundant in plants transpiration, it is release in the air as a waste product and absorbed by animals. north Cycles Nitrogen constitutes 78% of air in the atmosphere. Plants used it as a nitrates, and nitrogen converted it by two process The action of lightning. Process of action by specialized organ ism such as legumes. Communities Community Group of different kinds of organism or species living together in a particular place. Worlds Major communities 1. Dessert Biome Bushes and shrubs for vegetation Sandy, dry and loose type of soil. Less than 10 cm of rain fall in a year. Lizards, snakes, eagles, owls, toads, insects and small

Organization Development Essay Example for Free

organic law maturation render administration Development is a type of strategy wherein the beneathlying goals and principles is to increase the effectiveness of a sure company or ecesis, so that it pull up stakes be able to compete with early(a) companies, regarding its performance and outputs. It is by means of c atomic number 18fully inventionned moves and actions that these goals argon met, since attaining it requires c beful planning and mastery. This is usu eithery through the efforts of the head or the draw of the organization.It is a totality of the organizations policies and procedures in enjoin to attain a certain goal. formation Development is a planned action since it looks at it and deals with it as a long range get down so as to improve the organizations turnouts its outputs and performances. It is considered to be organization- good since it focuses on the total system. It is similarly a system that is managed and taken-cargon of from the top, from t he heads of the organization, wherein it is existence modeled properly so that it will achieve its long term goals.Ownership from clipers of the organization could also be a buy-in. The effectiveness and the health of the organization are also being considered by transcription Development because it is its main goal, to achieve an improvement, something concrete wherein they could base their performances in the future. It is also about planned interventions, wherein make-up Development c on the wholes for the interference and involvement of the race so that it could achieve permanent changes in the whole scenery of the organization.Also, mental hospital Development uses or utilizes the concept of behavioral-science knowledge, wherein it combines research and experience so that it will understand or take the view of the bulk themselves in the case of business systems, and opposite interactions. The article by Padraig Healy shows how Organization Development was applied in th e Public Sector, considering the various grand approaches so that it will be achievementful. adept is the performance of the workers, wherein intimately of the employed people are the natives of their place, wherein the quality of work d integrity is substandard.In order to solve this problem, rigorous training has been done in order to improve the quality of work, thus change magnitude the outputs and the level of performance from the workers. In this map, training is considered to be a series of events, wherein it includes various workshops, seminars and study visits. It is comparably different than on the button adjusting the knowledge and skills of the employees in order to meet the demands of the organization, since it is a change being detect in a cartridge holder bound manner.Training people is an investment that would objectively require time and money, and it is obviously a luxury that most developed countries could achieve. The theory and practice of reading is not unavoidably rooted to the concept of development studies, as sanitary as the practice of development itself. Considering the local situation, the organization development done in the populace sector is basically a show of their approach on the problems of development itself, may be a product of rigorous planning and visualizing of the situation.There is also a need for CEOs of councils that will be able to own problems and their causes, since the organization they grew up to was associated with weak organizational systems, wherein the CEOs are expected to manage. There is also an increasing need to have key policy makers and heads that will be able to reexamine the important roles at play, wherein it is usually at the district level. The concept of change is disposed great importance, emphasizing it all throughout the organization.Organization Development is very important at the public sector level because it deals with various concerns, including human resources, changing the nature of the workplace, global markets and the accelerated rate of change. In the aspect of human resources, we take in consideration the most important player in the organization, the people who does the work. They are seen to be a intumescent fraction of the costs of doing business, wherein they may spell advantage or failure for the organization. The last consideration would be the accelerated rate of change, wherein we are taking an approach that embraces uncivil systems.Through this approach, we are able to identify certain competitions, local or international, competing for human resource or the people, capital, physical resources and information. The weakness shown by the Organization Development is the concern about short term effectiveness. The real effect or outcome of Organization Development is evident especially during a longer degree of time, and if it is done in a shorter period of time, the results would probably not be good. But for long-term organizations, Organization Development is really essential.With time as the capital, it is a good investment so that you could achieve the success that the organization aims for. Conclusion This article is essential in the field of Organization Development because it showed the various factors that are at play in the organization and how it really affects it. Organization Development is not a elemental term that requires the training of leaders, the careful planning of things, the setting of goals, and other concepts that usually come in our minds. It is the interplay of all the factors that play a role in running an organization.It is a totality of all the efforts that is exerted take leaveing from the on the job(p) groups, to division heads, to the organization leaders. What is Organizational Development? When we talk about Organizational Development, we are pertaining to a pedigree of action done to a certain organization or work group so that it will be able to attain a certain level of effectiveness, so as increasing its energy as well. Organizational Development pertains to the careful planning and management of the organization, thus requiring the expertise and experience of a good leader, a head that will elicit change for the good of the group.It is also a well planned course of action, wherein either aspect necessary for the development is being thought of, to the extent that every problem that could be encountered is solved before it even arises. It is all done to promote the health and success of the organization, and to solve the ongoing problems it is and will be facing in this globally competitive world. This entails investing on things that could lead to an increase in the effectiveness and productivity of the organization and that includes good leaders, expert workers, and good work conditions.That is why it is considered to be a concerted effort not only from the leaders, but also from the workers. It is a totality of the organizations effort in o rder to attain excellence. The Case of oil colour Development Oman. Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) is considered to be the biggest oil explorer and producer in Oman. It is a national company that has the biggest share in the countrys oil production, accounting to about 90% of Omans crude oil and around all of the countrys natural gas supply. PDO hindquarters be considered as a large organization, wherein other companies share in its interests, not only the country of Oman.But analyzing the situation, could we see clearly whether Organization Development is being applied in the case of a multinational company desire Petroleum Development Oman? Looking closely at what Organization Development has to offer to PDO, the notion of an organization is express to be a conglomeration of efforts from two or more people which are working unitedly towards a common goal, and that is usually the issue of productivity and effectiveness. On the other hand, development is said to be the actua l goal of the organization, and that is moving towards being effective as the time goes by and meeting all the goals that you have set.It is a set course towards the increase in productivity, efficiency and improved quality of products or services that the company or organization offers. On the Case of Petroleum Development Oman, it is managed and owned by separate entities which include the Government of Oman, having a 60% share of interest, Royal Dutch Shell which has a 34% interest, Total, who poses a 4% share of interest and Partex who has a 2% interest. Because of this, the leadership and management is not fully unified, so as to say that this factor poses an important effect in the case of PDOs Organization Development.First off, Organization Development could help in the renewal process that PDO could encounter when it focuses on the efficiency and collaboration of the administration. When we talk about efficiency, it is undeniable that some(prenominal) organizations lack on this aspect and they just supplement this deficiency with a large number of the working force, thus putting strength in numbers. Culture also plays a role in this set-up, where work teams could work efficiently if they are under a certain condition of the people that will be in the work group. This is where OD comes into the scene. leadership When it comes to the concept of leadership, the case of Petroleum Development Oman doesnt seem any different as compared to that of other multinational organizations. PDO is headed by various leaders, since there are a group of people holding a spot in the organization. The big part of the company is held by the government and other organizations hold the other remaining parts. These leaders dictate that will run the organization will run. Unified or not, they are still the ones that handle the business, since they have the power to cease supplying a large part of the country.The shift key of the country depends on how these leaders would go about with their tasks in hand. There are a lot of changes that an organization undergoes, especially for the bank owners who are particular with what they are getting into. Major organizational change occurs, for example, wherein an organization changes its general strategy for achievement, adds or deletes a major section or practice, and/or wants to transfigure the very nature by wherein it operates. It also occurs when an organization advances through various life cycles, just like people must madely evolve through life cycles.For organizations to develop, they oft must undergo important major changes at certain varying points in their development. Thats why the topic of organizational change and development has become widespread in communications about business, organizations, leadership and management. Leaders, managers, and company heads, the people who has control of the establishment itself, continually make labors to achieve successful and noteworthy change its inheren t in their jobs. Some are very good at this aspect, wherein they excel at almost any aspect of leadership, while others continually resist and fail.There are galore(postnominal) schools with educational programs about organizations, business, leadership and management, schools which train hard these bud personalities with leadership qualities. Unfortunately, there still are not sufficient schools with programs about how to investigate groups, identify critically important priorities to address (such as systemic troubles or thrilling visions for amendments) and then embark on successful and noteworthy change to address those priorities.To really get a grasp of what organizational change is and contract guiding thriving change efforts, the change mediator should have at least a wide acceptance and understanding of the context of the change effort. This includes understanding the basic systems and structures in organizations, including their typical terms and roles. This requirement applies to the understanding of leadership and management of the organizations, as well. The following links (broadly reviewed in the following order) might be helpful to establish some sense about organizations, and their leadership and management.Organizational change should not be conducted for the sake of change. Organizational change efforts should be geared to improve the performance of organizations and the people in those organizations. Therefore, its expedient to have some understanding of what is meant by performance and the various methods to manage performance in organizations. The medieval few decades have seen an explosion in the number of very useful tools to help change divisors to efficaciously explore, understand and communicate about organizations, as well as to guide successful change in those organizations.Tools from systems theory and systems thinking especially are a major breakthrough. Even if the change agent is not an expert about systems theory and th inking, even a basic understanding can cultivate an stainless new way of working. Nowadays, with the complex challenges faced by organizations and the broad diversity of values, perspectives and opinions among the members of those organizations, its vital that change agents work from a strong set of principles to ensure they operate in a highly effective and honest manner.There are different overall types of organizational change, including planned versus unplanned, organization-wide versus change primarily to one part of the organization, incremental (slow, gradual change) versus transformational (radical, fundamental), etc.. Knowing which types of change you are doing helps all participants to retain scope and perspective during the many complexities and frequent frustrations during change. Group Collaboration A typical planned, systemic (and systematic) organizational development process often follows an overall action research approach (as described below).Note that the more c ollaborative you are in working with members of the organization during the following process, the more likely the success of your overall change effort. Clarifying Expectations and Roles for multifariousness Process This stagecoach is sometimes called the Contracting and/or Entry phase. This phase is usually where the relationship amongst you (the initial change agent) and your client starts, whether you are an outside(a) or internal consultant. Experts assert that this phase is one of the most if not the most important phases in the organizational change process.Activities during this stage form the behind for successful organizational change. Joint Discovery to Identify Priorities for Change The more collaborative the change agent is in working with members of the clients organization, the more likely that the change effort will be successful. Whether you are an external or internal change agent in this project, you and your client will work together during this phase to u nderstand more about the overall priority of the change effort and how you all can in effect address it.It might be a major problem in the organization or an kindle vision to achieve. Other times, the effort is more extensive, for example, evaluating an entire organization and developing a complete plan for change. The nature of discovery also depends on the philosophy of the change agent and client. For example, subscribers to the philosophy of Appreciative query (referenced above) might conduct discovery, not by digging into the number and causes of problems in the organization, but by conducting interviews to disover the visions and wishes of people in the organization.Sometimes, people minimize the importance of or altogether skip this critical discovery phase, and start change management by articulating an ambitious and comprehensive vision for change. Many would argue that it is unethical to start up a project for organizational change without fully examining (or discover ing) the current situation in the clients organization.Focusing most of the change efforts on achieving a robust vision, without at least some careful discovery, often can be harmful to your clients organization because your project can end up dealing with symptoms of any current issues, rather than the root causes. Also, the project could end up pushing an exciting vision that, while ab initio inspiring and motivating to many, could be completely unrealistic to achieve especially if the organization already has many current, major issues to address.

Language & state of chaos Essay Example for Free

Language state of chaos EssayThe lexical choices made by Beckett in the outgrowth strike show m all things, such as the relationship between estragon and Vladimir, and the confusion of the characters as to the time and the meaning of their actions. The main characters, Estragon and Vladimir, switch roles continually, so not using spoken communication as an expression of their selves, on that pointfore the words used show no badge of identity. This shows interchangeability in the characters, so keeping the audience searching for the characters own distinctive personality. This role switching that not even the characters roles/ personalities be certain. This confusion is increased with the characters inclination to talk in adjacency pairs like they atomic number 18 both mouth from the same train of thought To say that the language is in a state of chaos suggests there is utter confusion in the diarrhoea, the audience can hear and understand the individual words be said, b ut cannot put them into a relevant context or meaning.This chaos is seen frequently through and throughout Vladimir and Estragons conversations although taking turns with ane another while speaking, they do not engage in a conventional conversation, one character talks astir(predicate) one topic, while the other talks about a divers(prenominal) subject all together. The branch moment I have chosen reflects this chaotic language the both characters talk about the bible, beginning in conventional adjacency pairs, Vladimir Did you ever read the bible? Estragon The bibleI must have visited at it but then the conversation come to the fores to waver on Estragons part Vladimir Do you remember the story? Estragon no Vladimir Shall I tell it to you? Estragon No. And finally, the language and conversation between the devil becomes chaotic Estragon Saved form what? Vladimir Hell. Estragon Im going. This harm in the exchanges between the two characters shows the pettiness o f them both they seem to squabble about anything, no national how inane it seems to the audience.This can be seen as due to the lack of meaning or activity in their lives, with them using any method of keeping boredom at bay. This interaction between the two characters shows their abuse of Grices maxim of relevance, as one characters speech holds no relevance to that of the others. In this moment in the mutation there is a lot of uncertainty for both the characters and the audience, which Beckett creates mainly via the language used by the two main protagonists. The characters are unsure about what the other is talking about, Estragon Who? Vladimir What? Estragon Whats all this about? , and they are besides uncertain of what really happens in the bible, Vladimir But all four were there wherefore believe him rather than the others? The audience is made uncertain of the meaning of the characters talking about the bible, it is near the start of the play so they do not know what is to come. My second moment is different form my first as Estragon and Vladimir are now joined by two passing characters, Pozzo and Lucky, although Lucky does not speak till later on in their meeting.Pozzo speaks of how much pressure Lucky, his knook, puts on him, this is all an act on his part, but Estragon and Vladimir believe him, they repeat Pozzos words to add definition and to show their feelings of sorrowfulness towards him, Pozzo Its terrible he must go Im going mad I cant bear it any longer Vladimir He cant bear it. Estragon Any longer. Vladimir Hes going mad. Estragon Its terrible. This makes Estragon and Vladimir look rather naive as they believe Pozzo straight away and accuse Lucky of crucifying Pozzo, but are then told by Pozzo that he was lying.Estragon and Vladimirs language in this moment is still chaotic, repeating themselves and each other, and showing confusion at what each other said, using the word what several times as a response. Their adjacency pairs a re jarred and do not seem to fit together, Vladimir I dont think so Estragon What? Vladimir I dont know Estragon Ask him. They then go on to talk terrestrially about the evening, which turns into babblings of irrelevant words, Vladimir Worse than the pantomime. Estragon The circus Vladimir The music-hall. Estragon The circus This is an example of their words and thoughts reflecting a single unit, as if it were just one person speaking, showing their relationship to be so ratiocination they are starting to think alike. This chaotic language also reflects the uncertainty theme, which runs through the play, shown through the characters lexis and actions (seen in the secondary text). This chaos is shown when Pozzo appears to have lost his pipe, Estragon says Hes a scream. Hes lost his dudeen. This is a word coined by Beckett which does not seem to have any meaning, showing how Beckett uses language to confuse the audience, as it seems slightly blotto how Estragon makes up a word pur ely to rhyme with scream. The chaotic language in the play seems mainly on a humorous level, for example, in the second moment chosen Vladimir rushes off to amend himself, while doing this Estragon shouts end of corridor on the left, even though both the characters and audience are assured they are in the middle of nowhere with just a tree.Both of the moments chosen show language to be in a state of chaos, thus supporting the opinion that nothing is certain in the play, although there are certain factors that make this statement debatable which should be taken into account, for example, Vladimir and Estragons relationship, they have cognize each other for a long time as they share memories etc. It can also be said that the certainty of some topics in the play is left up to the audience to understand, through the situation and the characters.

Culture and packaging Essay Example for Free

Culture and packaging EssayPackaging is considered to be an integral berth of the result and is the first point of contact with the check off for a consumer product. So, most of the companies that do business internation eithery redesign their bundles for each market. The principle reason is that expectations and utilizations of consumers divert across tillages. The worlds two leading industrial powers, U. S. and Japan commence almost arctic approaches to packaging. Packaging is recognized as an expression of close in Japan and designed to be appreciated, whereas in America ethnic scenery is largely ignored and packaging is calculated to be accepted. Foods that besides Japanese eat have beautiful, traditionally designed wrappings that resemble handmade paper or leaves and accommodate interpret able bar codes. Such products look Japanese and argon in extended to do so. reapings that argon foreign, such(prenominal) as coffee, look foreign even to the point of having only Roman lettering on the can. We deal of worldwide villages and international markets, but bundles reveal some unexpected ethnic boundaries.Few examples of such cultural implication of packaging ar- Canadians prefer to drink milk out of flexible plastic pouches that fit into useful plastic holders tour Americans be believed to be so resistant to the idea that they have non been addicted the opportunity to do so, Japanese consumers prefer packages that contain two tennis balls and view the standard U. S. package of three as cheap and undesirable, Germans insist on highly detailed technical specifications on packages of videotapes, while Americans dont, Swedes consider unappeasable colour in of packaging as masculine whereas Dutch consider it to be feminine and so on.(Eric, J. A. et al. , 2004, p. 298) Culture Packaging Colour Schmitt and Simpson (1997) states, Colour is matchless of the many trade tools that global managers use to create, maintain, and modify mark off images in customers minds while Schmitt and Pan (1994) discovers, Colour is also an crucial member of many corporate and shit-building cues, such as logos, packages, and displays. It is a commonality reflecting in the views of both the authors that- Colour is one of the major element which affects consumer perception regarding a brand.The research results show cross-cultural patterns of both similarity and unsimilarity in Colour preferences and Colour meaning associations. Colour used in packaging is equally primal in determining a products desirability. James Mandle, a Colour consultant, changed the Colour of Ty-D-Bols t oil coloret bowl cleanser bottle from light and green to stark white letters on a dark background. He believed that the original Colours were too wimpy and that the new, bolder Colours would connote potential and cleanliness. In an 18 month period following the change of Colour, sales of Ty-D-Bol jumped 40% (Lane 1991). (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000, p. 91 ) Packaging is not about Colour only there argon respective(a) other factors involved in it. Factors uniform design shape of the package, text on the package and other factors of the packaging. But it is true that Colour is the most important attribute in terms of attracting the attention of the consumer. Packaging is not only made up of a single Colour but combination of Colours to create a brand image. So preferences in regard to combination of Colours also vary across cultures. Few examples of such combinations are of touching Colours with green and red.The Colour take up paired with green is yellow in Canada, Hong Kong, China, and Taiwan, blue in Columbia, and white in Austria. Only the Chinese and Taiwanese pair green with red as red is a potent Colour in China. In Brazil and the US masses pair red with black, whereas in Canada, and China, the preferred combination with red is yellow. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004) Culture Packaging Information Packaging not only protec ts and contains a product but also provide the consumer with loads of learning about the product such as its composition, correct use etc.For instance, packaging of provenderstuffs and pharmaceuticals provides information regarding the name of the product, manufacturer, country of origin, best before date and expiry date, ingredients and additives or composition of drug along with quantity and price. Since packaging is undetermined to country-specific legislation so ear of legal action has made many companies in the US and the UK includes all sorts of warnings on label instructions on consumer goods. On bar of Dial soap Directions Use desire regular soap. On a Sears hairdryer Do not use while sleeping. On packaging for a Rowenta iron Do not iron clothes on body. On Nytol sleep aid ideal May cause drowsiness. On a childs Superman costume Wearing of this coiffure does not enable you to fly. On Sainsburys peanuts Warning contains nuts. On Marks Spencer bread pudding Product will be hot after heating. On Boots childs expectorate medicine Do not drive a car or operate machinery after victorious this medication. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 265) In the present scenario sundry(a) countries have included packaging waste into hazardous matter to cave in in pollution.This led the government to adopt some policies to restrict the use of non recyclable products as a packaging material where it is not required. These have also posed challenge among business organizations to try and pass off out recyclable materials and present themselves as a responsible corporate citizen among the stakeholders. This is also one aspect of culture which leads to this kind of environmental concern approach. Culture Packaging Images/ calculates Imagery is an important element of packaging, as it enhances the accessibility of packaging information.As tell by Bolen (1984), visual information in publicizings generally attracted more than attention and was noticed be fore verbal denote content. While Alesandrini (1982) declared, visual information may work on to attract consumers attention and set expectations for the contents of the verbal elements the visual information thus do as an advance organizer for the verbal elements of packaging. (Underwood et al. , 2001) Different culture recognizes various symbols otherwise with contrary meanings altogether.Picture that is very meaningful for people in one culture as it expresses important values of that culture can be completely meaningless to the people of the other culture. For instance, a box of pineapple cookies exchange in Singapore has an image of a lion, as in Singapore lion is considered to be a symbol of royalty. Hence, if the similar box of cookies is launched in UK it wont be given analogous grandness as in Singapore due to the differences lying in culture. Culture Packaging Communication customer or prospect judges the products on the basis of its name as come up.Language used on the product package including its brand or product name creates impression among consumers. Consumer interprets the information selectively on the basis of his culture and his own personal factors. Different aspects of marketing discourses comparable corporate identity, brand name, package design, and advertising styles impacts consumer in certain ways. Marketing communications styles are interrelated with personal communication styles. Chinese-speaking consumers tend to judge a brand name based on its visual appeal whereas side of meat speakers judge brand name based on whether the name sounds appealing.In Asia, visual symbolism is a key aspect of a firms corporate identity. A comparative study of package design across seven countries found that packages differ both in three-dimensional design and in the way they communicate through graphical design and vary in the use of textual information use of Colour, shape, and symbolism and degree of structure and detail in the packag e design. All the above differences are highly influenced by culture. Even the product category is influenced by the packaging design, for example Deodorant is communicated differently from cigarettes, and that is reflected in its design of the packaging.( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 213) Why it is important to project culture differences in cultures? It is always very important for a marketer to find out the culture of his target market place. Many good products have failed in the market only due to ignorance of socio- cultural aspects. in that respect are underlying components that influence culture such as religion, family, customs, politics, weather, etc, which must be taken into account when marketing products on an international basis.Consequently, it is important for marketers to be aware of the 25% of cultural differences in the world market to promote their product properly. Therefore, it is of great grandeur to understand similarities and differences in culture which also affects the consumer purchasing behaviours across the cultures. (Weber, J. M. et al. , 2002, p. 396) Tastes and preferences of consumers vary in different part of world. In the European continent itself consumer preferences and taste varies so much that retailers Marks Spencer had to made different advertising campaigns for each country.Initially Marks Spencer has a single uniform advertising for the whole of Europe in 2001. Later it recognized its weakness and immediately changed the advertising campaign according to the taste and preference of different parts of European continent at the end of 2001. Toyotas model Camry was a huge achievement in US which it tried to launch in UK market in 2000. It was a huge ill fortune due to difference in the feelstyle and cultural set up of these two countries. Toyota re-launched it later with changes in the model according to the European culture and it was a huge success.Companies have to estimate the strength of their produc ts along with the market they are trying to trap irrespective of their own brand name and value. virtuoso of the mistakes by the snacks giant Kelloggs is Indian market was with its breakfast cereals. Within Indian culture people tend to eat heavy breakfast in the morning. In such market breakfast cereals as a healthier alternative to the heavy Indian breakfast was unattractive offer to the Indians. Later on conjunction improved its communication strategies and compared it with traditional chapattis (Indian breads). Even in that case Kelloggs could sell to a Westernized niche market only.So it is quite clear from the above examples that thorough understanding of the culture as well as its differences across cultures is very important to survive in todays competitive environment. There are some other companies which have done very well in understanding various markets on socio-cultural dimensions like Disney, Pizza hut, dominos, Mc-Donalds and others. Success pf these brands was res ult of their conscious effort to keep the logical implication of culture in their minds. These companies went local anaesthetic irrespective of their global operations for each and every market for them. One such example is Mc-Donalds.The reasons behind success of Mc-Donalds in foreign markets apart from a affectionate brand image and consistent service a standard around the world is, its advertising which is local and its product offer has a local touch. Examples are the Kiwi burger in New Zealand the Maharaja mack in India the Prosperity burger in Malaysia the Teriyaki burger in Japan the McKorket in the Netherlands McLaks, a grilled salmon burger, in Norway and the Croque McDo in France that refers to the popular French Croque Monseiur, a hot ham and cheese sandwich. Advertising by McDonalds in France tied into local habits and symbols.In 2001, for example, advertising for McDonald in France tied into Asterix and Obelisk, the most famous historical cartoon of the nation. Hen ce, localization makes it increasingly important for marketing and advertising people to understand the influence of culture. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 18) grandness of Colours can not be ignored in the case of international markets. Colours are associated with different cultural beliefs, moods and meanings. Understanding of these aspects of Colour, culture and society helps the organization to develop appropriate strategy.As said by (Kirmani 1997 Schmitt and Pan 1994), one marketing cue that global managers can use regardless of spatial relation is Colour. The effects of culture on the meaning associated with Colours are very critical for international marketing purposes. Wagner, the creator of the Wagner Colour Research Institute, contends that Colours are associated with certain images (Lane 1991). For example, Blue is associated with wealth, trust, and security Gray is associated with strength, exclusively, and success and orange denotes cheapness.These associations m ay explain why banks are more likely to Colour their logos and confirmative using Blue or Gray rather than orange ( Seitel 1993). It is cultural background due to which Colour has a strong effect on choice of a customer. It is important to understand which Colours are preferred by people in different cultures. It will help to create, maintain, or modify brand images in consumers minds. The associated with Colours and combination of Colours are important to understand for any marketer. Colour combinations are considered culturally bound with certain ideologies and traditions (Geboy 1996).For example, black on red signifies happiness to Chinese people and is ordinarily used for wedding invitations while a combination of red over white represents celebration and signifies the life force to the Japanese ( Tektronix 1998). (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000) After Colour it is cultural beliefs which have impact on the consumer minds. It is important to understand the beliefs related to targe t product category within the target market place. For instance in India people feel that ancient herbal methods are good choices over the cosmetic options available today.This led various cosmetics company in India to launch their promotional programs comparing their product with traditional methods or showing the products equivalent to the traditional benefits. In these leading brands like Lux, Fair Lovely and many others are present. Success of a fair and lovely brand due to the fact that Indians believe fairness is beautiful. Vicco turmeric cream is some other example which positioned itself as a cream that would be useful for would-be brides to enhance their complexions, as applying turmeric for skin care is a part of the Indian tradition.These types of behaviour which are associated with a specific culture or belief can also be associated with different product categories such as, for instance, the bindi worn in most parts of India. It is important that the brand name select ed for such a product category should have an ethnic-sounding name whereas a Western name is prone to be counter-productive. (S Ramesh Kumar, 2003) Another product category is food where the role of mother and grand mother is considered important. This is the reason all spices, traditional quick meals and cooking oil etc contain some or more of the mothers recipe kind of concept.Not only that change in the societal socio-cultural structure can also be seen as some of the advertisement in India show modern man helping their women in their work as well like washing clothes or taking care of child. There is a strong need to understand and consider the culture which constitutes of the values, beliefs and habits of consumers which show a discrepancy across the nations. The other aspect of the changing cultural environment and upcoming trends are also important to understand.